Secrets of Rome: The fascinating history of Castel Sant'Angelo

Originally erected as a mausoleum for Emperor Hadrian, Castel Sant’Angelo has witnessed nearly two thousand years of Roman history. Each stone is a fragment of Rome's history, a story intertwined with legend, architecture, past and present.

Origins and History of Castel Sant’Angelo
Completed in 139 AD under Emperor Antoninus Pius, Hadrian's successor, this cylindrical building was initially adorned with a gilded statue depicting Hadrian on a chariot drawn by four horses, placed on its summit. However, with the decline of the Roman Empire, the mausoleum lost its original function, beginning a transformation into a military fortress. During the barbarian invasions, the structure was fortified and became an integral part of Rome's walls.
The name "Castel Sant’Angelo" derives from an event believed to have occurred in 590 AD: it is said that during a plague epidemic, the Archangel Michael appeared on top of the castle, sheathing his sword, marking the end of the pestilence.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Castel Sant'Angelo played a crucial role in the defenses of Rome. It became a refuge for the Popes, especially in periods of political turbulence. It was during this time that the Passetto di Borgo was created, a passage connecting Castel Sant'Angelo with Vatican City. Used by Popes to escape in times of danger, today it is open to the public on certain occasions and offers a unique perspective on the complex's history. The Renaissance brought significant renovations to Castel Sant'Angelo, under the guidance of architects like Bramante and Michelangelo. The fortress was transformed into a papal residence, while maintaining its defensive functions.
In the 19th century, the castle took on new roles, being used as a prison and the site of a military tribunal. Numerous historical figures were imprisoned within its walls. Finally, in 1901, Castel Sant'Angelo was transformed into a national museum. Since then, it has become one of Rome's main tourist attractions, offering visitors the opportunity to immerse themselves in its rich and layered history.


What to See Today
Entering the castle, one is immersed in a journey through the centuries, where each room tells a unique story. The luxurious papal chambers are a true triumph of art and history; among them, the Sala Paolina stands out for its 16th-century frescoes, representing a masterful example of Renaissance art.
Given its role as a prison, some of its cells are still visitable, offering tangible testimony to its history as glorious as it is dark. These rooms, in fact, once witnessed the imprisonment of various historical figures, becoming a reminder of the castle's darker side.
Inside the museum, visitors can admire an exceptional collection ranging from Renaissance art to ancient weapons. This collection includes historic armaments and artifacts that tell the military history of the castle, allowing visitors to better understand its role over the centuries.
Perhaps one of the most spectacular aspects of Castel Sant'Angelo is its terrace, offering breathtaking panoramic views of Rome. From here, visitors can enjoy an incomparable view of the Tiber, the Vatican, and the entire Roman skyline. At sunset, this view becomes even more magical, offering moments of pure beauty. Atop the castle stands the statue of Archangel Michael, created in 1753 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt. This statue is not only an artistic masterpiece but also represents the castle's connection to the legend of the archangel's appearance, an episode that has profoundly marked the history and identity of this extraordinary place.

A Dive into the History and Culture of Rome
Castel Sant'Angelo is not just a silent witness to the complex history of Rome but also a vibrant cultural center that continues to enchant and inspire. From its imposing walls and historic halls to its panoramic terraces, every aspect of this monument offers visitors a deep and varied view of Rome's past. Whether it's appreciating Renaissance art, exploring ancient prisons, or simply admiring the breathtaking view of the city, Castel Sant'Angelo remains an enduring symbol of Rome's greatness and resilience, a place where every visit becomes an unforgettable journey through centuries of history and culture.